{"id":488,"date":"2023-02-21T02:21:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T02:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=488"},"modified":"2023-02-26T00:33:56","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T00:33:56","slug":"elem-ground-stone","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=488","title":{"rendered":"Elem Ground Stone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-d5db3a3\" data-block-id=\"d5db3a3\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-d5db3a3-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-51b6e4d\" data-block-id=\"51b6e4d\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-51b6e4d-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-51b6e4d-inner-blocks\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-b075ebd\" data-block-id=\"b075ebd\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-b075ebd-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-347c83a\" data-block-id=\"347c83a\"><style>.stk-347c83a-container{background-image:url(https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/METATE1.jpg) !important;background-attachment:fixed !important;background-repeat:no-repeat !important;background-size:84% !important}.stk-347c83a-container:before{background-color:#000000 !important;opacity:0.5 !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-347c83a-container stk-hover-parent stk--has-background-overlay\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-347c83a-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-x-large-font-size\"><strong>Elem Ground Stone<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-fe1bbe6\" data-block-id=\"fe1bbe6\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-fe1bbe6-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-09cb4b7\" data-block-id=\"09cb4b7\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-09cb4b7{flex:1 1 33.3% !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-09cb4b7-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-09cb4b7-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"166\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr32-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr32-1.jpg 344w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr32-1-300x145.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Hammer Stone<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr33-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-662\" width=\"261\" height=\"298\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Hammer Stone<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr34-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr34-1.jpg 491w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr34-1-300x149.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Manos (shaped and unshaped)<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"323\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr35-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-664\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr35-1.jpg 323w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr35-1-300x251.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Pestles<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr36-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-665\" width=\"305\" height=\"245\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mortar, hit and broken by road grader <\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr37.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-666\" width=\"306\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr37.jpg 287w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr37-237x300.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Basalt sphere (anvil stone or mortar blank)<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr38-1.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-667\" width=\"191\" height=\"101\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mano and metate<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ElemGr39-1.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-668\" width=\"181\" height=\"160\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mortar and pestle<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-36ec0c8\" data-block-id=\"36ec0c8\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-36ec0c8{flex:1 1 66.7% !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-36ec0c8-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-36ec0c8-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ground Stone and Cobble Tools are sometimes casual stones and sometimes well shaped tools used for grinding, pounding, chopping, cooking, and abrading.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Cobble Tools<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Cobble tools are stones and pebbles that are casually used for various purposes such as hammer<br>stones, chopping stones, abrading stones, anvils, heating stones for basketry cooking or underground baking, etc. \u00a0As with cores and flake tools, cobble tools were not readily recognized by Tribal monitors and few were plotted during the monitoring process. \u00a0It is likely that many more cobble tools existed.<br><br>Six cobble hammer stones were recovered during the monitoring process (5 basalt and 1 sandstone). \u00a0\u00a0Shapes included cigar-shaped (0-9) globular shaped (0-94), and spatula shaped (0-379). \u00a0The cigar-shaped stone had evidence of battering on the end and the globular stone had battering around the circumference.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-4, #192c27);background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Ground Stone<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Shaped Manos (4)<\/span><br><br>Four shaped manos (3 sandstone and 1 basalt) were recovered (0-159, 386, and 387).<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Cobble (unshaped) Manos (1<\/span>)<br><br>One sandstone cobble mano (unshaped) was recovered (0-358).<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Pestle, Flat-end (3)<\/span><br><br>Two basalt (0-97, 378) and one sandstone flat-end pestles were recovered. \u00a0One was dislodged by a road grader after mine waste had already been removed from the area (0-191).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Bowl Mortar (1)<\/span><br><br>One sandstone mortar (0-389) was hit and broken by road grading equipment after mine waste had already been removed from the area.<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mortar Blank (1)<\/span><br><br>A large (15cm dia) basalt sphere with a flattened end was graded out of the ground along the water-truck road leading to the lake (0-263). \u00a0It is possible that this stone was a blank to be turned into a bowl mortar. \u00a0It may have also functioned as an anvil stone.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mano and Metate<\/span><br><br>Five manos were recovered indicating widespread use of the mano and metate across LAK-76.   These tools are used to crack and grind hard seeds such as sage seeds, grains (grass seeds), and pine nuts. \u00a0Although there is no way of determining the age of these tools, archaeological work throughout California has revealed that the addition of the mano and metate to the food processing tool kit occurred at the start of the last global warming period (~8,000 B.P.).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mortar and Pestle<\/span><br><br>Four pestles, one bowl mortar and one possible mortar blank were recovered during the monitoring process. \u00a0These items indicate the processing of soft nuts (such as acorn and buckeye). \u00a0Although there is no way of determining the age of these tools, archaeological work throughout California has discovered that the addition of the mortar and pestle to the food processing tool kit occurred about 5,000 B.P. \u00a0In some parts of California the heavy reliance on soft nuts gradually overcame the use of hard seeds (grains) and the use of the mano and metate were gradually phased out. \u00a0In other areas, both technologies were used side-by-side until the arrival of Europeans.<br><br>Both milling and pounding technologies require the harvesting of seeds and nuts that become available in the fall (September\/October). \u00a0The existence of these tools indicates that LAK-76 was most likely inhabited during the fall months.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elem Ground Stone Ground Stone and Cobble Tools are sometimes casual stones and sometimes well shaped tools used for grinding, pounding, chopping, cooking, and abrading. Cobble Tools Cobble tools are stones and pebbles that are casually used for various purposes such as hammerstones, chopping stones, abrading stones, anvils, heating stones for basketry cooking or underground [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-488","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=488"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":670,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/488\/revisions\/670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}