{"id":184,"date":"2023-02-12T01:33:28","date_gmt":"2023-02-12T01:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=184"},"modified":"2023-02-27T01:05:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-27T01:05:37","slug":"village-names","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=184","title":{"rendered":"Village Names"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-d5db3a3\" data-block-id=\"d5db3a3\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-d5db3a3-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-51b6e4d\" data-block-id=\"51b6e4d\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-51b6e4d-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-51b6e4d-inner-blocks\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-b075ebd\" data-block-id=\"b075ebd\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-b075ebd-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-347c83a\" data-block-id=\"347c83a\"><style>.stk-347c83a-container{background-image:url(https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/WatercolorVillage.jpg) !important;background-attachment:fixed !important}.stk-347c83a-container:before{background-color:#000000 !important;opacity:0.7 !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-347c83a-container stk-hover-parent stk--has-background-overlay\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-347c83a-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-x-large-font-size\"><strong>Village Names<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-2-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><strong>Village Names Give Evidence of Resource Use<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-fe1bbe6\" data-block-id=\"fe1bbe6\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-fe1bbe6-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-09cb4b7\" data-block-id=\"09cb4b7\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-09cb4b7{flex:1 1 calc(26.8% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 1 \/ 2 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-09cb4b7-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-09cb4b7-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1001\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2village600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color wp-image-96\" style=\"border-width:3px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/3lodge600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color wp-image-97\" style=\"border-width:3px\" width=\"271\" height=\"181\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"315\" height=\"911\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Acorns-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color wp-image-198\" style=\"border-width:3px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-36ec0c8\" data-block-id=\"36ec0c8\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-36ec0c8{flex:1 1 calc(73.2% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 1 \/ 2 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-36ec0c8-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-36ec0c8-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-6-color has-text-color\"><strong>The Clear Lake Pomo need to stay on top of resource availability and use was reflected in many aspects of their culture. Barrett (1908) made a list of the names of many of the past village and camp locations which were given him by Native American elders. &nbsp;He listed these sites by their Indian names and, with the help of the elders, translated these into English. &nbsp;The following sample of place names illustrates the focus on resource use. &nbsp;<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Northern Pomo (West Lakeshore)<\/span><br><br><u>Xaro&#8217;malugal<\/u>; from xaro&#8217; (valley oak acorn black bread), and malu (to bake)<br><br><u>Xabe&#8217;l<\/u>; elder indicates that high ground settlement was a winter camp and low-ground (shoreline) settlement was a summer camp.<br><br><u>Xatsa&#8217;mugal<\/u>; from xatsa&#8217; (grass) and muga&#8217; (seeds)<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Eastern Pomo (Upper Lake)<\/span><br><br><u>Xuca&#8217;danoyo<\/u>; from xuca&#8217; (live oak), and dano&#8217; (mountain) and yo (under).<br><br><u>Behe&#8217;pal<\/u>; from behe&#8217; (pepperwood, California Laurel)<br><br><u>Xaku&#8217;lkalewical<\/u>; from xaku&#8217;l (white oak), and kale&#8217; (tree)<br><br><u>Ha&#8217;lika<\/u>; from ha&#8217;li (edible fleshy covering of California Laurel nut)<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Eastern Pomo (Big Valley)<\/span><br><br><u>Xaci&#8217;badon<\/u>; from xaci&#8217; (water plant resembling bamboo) plant grew at this spot.<br><br><u>Xato&#8217;tnapoti<\/u>; from xato&#8217;t (thin outer shell of the California Laurel nut)<br><br><u>So&#8217;bidame<\/u>; from so&#8217; (clover), and bidame (creek)<br><br><u>Licu&#8217;ikalexowa<\/u>; from licu&#8217;i (black oak), and kale&#8217; (tree), and xowa (in front of).<br><br><u>Batso&#8217;mkitem<\/u>; from batso&#8217;m (a species of oak), and kite&#8217;m (bushy top)<br><br><u>Tsuba&#8217;haputsum<\/u>; from tsuba&#8217;ha (a species of willow used in basket making), and pu&#8217;tsum (point)<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Southeastern Pomo (Southern and Eastern arms of Clear Lake)<\/span><br><br><u>Xaa&#8217;lkfai<\/u>; from kaa&#8217;l (tule), and kfai (flat open place)<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Clear Lake Wappo<\/span><br><br><u>Ko&#8217;pbutu<\/u>; from kop (nettle) listed as a summer camp<br><br>In the case of the Northern Pomo site of Xabe&#8217;l, the elder indicated that two settlements were used during different times of the year. &nbsp;The seasonal use corresponds with maximum lakeshore resource availability outlined on the graph on the &#8220;Resource Use&#8221; page.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-6-color has-text-color\"><strong>Kniffen reports seasonal resource gathering and indicates that during the fall:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color\">From camps far up the Upper Lake Valley were gathered acorns, pepperwood balls, wild grapes, and pine nuts. (Kniffen 1939:367) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-6-color has-text-color\"><strong>During the months of April and May, lakeshore and streamside camps appear to have been set up:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color\">Fish are close in to shore and the Easrtern Pomo move to lakeshore camps. (McLendon 1977:11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color\">Stream fishing was in vogue with high water from February through May. (Kniffen 1939:363)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Village Names Village Names Give Evidence of Resource Use The Clear Lake Pomo need to stay on top of resource availability and use was reflected in many aspects of their culture. Barrett (1908) made a list of the names of many of the past village and camp locations which were given him by Native American [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-184","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":829,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/184\/revisions\/829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}