{"id":1322,"date":"2023-03-14T19:21:44","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T19:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=1322"},"modified":"2023-03-15T01:50:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-15T01:50:58","slug":"freitas-highlights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=1322","title":{"rendered":"Freitas Highlights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-d5db3a3\" data-block-id=\"d5db3a3\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-d5db3a3-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-51b6e4d\" data-block-id=\"51b6e4d\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-51b6e4d-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-51b6e4d-inner-blocks\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-b075ebd\" data-block-id=\"b075ebd\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-b075ebd-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-347c83a\" data-block-id=\"347c83a\"><style>.stk-347c83a-container{background-image:url(https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Frontbeforework.jpg) !important;background-attachment:fixed !important;background-position:top center !important;background-repeat:no-repeat !important;background-size:cover !important}.stk-347c83a-container:before{background-color:#000000 !important;opacity:0.6 !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-347c83a-container stk-hover-parent stk--has-background-overlay\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-347c83a-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-x-large-font-size\"><strong>Freitas Adobe Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-fe1bbe6\" data-block-id=\"fe1bbe6\"><style>.stk-fe1bbe6{margin-bottom:0px !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-fe1bbe6-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-09cb4b7\" data-block-id=\"09cb4b7\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-09cb4b7{flex:1 1 calc(25.3% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 1 \/ 2 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-09cb4b7-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-09cb4b7-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1987shot-1016x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1290\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1987shot-1016x1024.jpg 1016w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1987shot-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1987shot-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1987shot-768x774.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1987shot.jpg 1191w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Image of the adobe after it&#8217;s 1906 Victorian renovation.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/anglebeforework-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1291\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/anglebeforework-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/anglebeforework-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/anglebeforework-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/anglebeforework.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">The adobe structure as it looked with the wooden Victorian additions removed.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-divider stk-block-divider stk-block stk-3821a9f is-style-bar\" data-block-id=\"3821a9f\"><style>.stk-3821a9f{margin-bottom:1px !important}.stk-3821a9f hr.stk-block-divider__hr{background:var(--theme-palette-color-2,#55a630) !important;width:91% !important}<\/style><hr class=\"stk-block-divider__hr\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Native American Use<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3withadobe-608x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1333\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3withadobe-608x1024.jpg 608w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3withadobe-178x300.jpg 178w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3withadobe.jpg 712w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Exposed section of Mission aqueduct showing mission roof tiles and sandstone sla<\/span>bs.<\/strong>s<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"966\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/VesselyHistMap-966x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1345\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/VesselyHistMap-966x1024.jpg 966w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/VesselyHistMap-283x300.jpg 283w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/VesselyHistMap-768x814.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/VesselyHistMap.jpg 1427w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 966px) 100vw, 966px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Dotted line shows how aqueduct crossed project area<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mission1850.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1359\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mission1850.jpg 440w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mission1850-300x116.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">1850 drawing of Mission San Luis Obispo<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CheyClearingFea1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1355\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CheyClearingFea1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CheyClearingFea1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CheyClearingFea1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CheyClearingFea1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Cheyanne removing overburden from cobble porch<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea1clean1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1362\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea1clean1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea1clean1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea1clean1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea1clean1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Cobble porch cleaned<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-2-130-142.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1375\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-2-130-142.jpg 799w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-2-130-142-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-2-130-142-768x395.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Shell, Prosser, copper and bone buttons and studs<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-1-106-110.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1376\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-1-106-110.jpg 709w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-1-106-110-300x137.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><font color=\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\"><b><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Brass, ceramic, leather shoe button, and<\/span> <\/b><\/font><font color=\"#ffffff\"><b>cellu<\/b><\/font><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">loid stud<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-45-46.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1377\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-45-46.jpg 453w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-45-46-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Steel cloth-covered buttons<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"327\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-30-35.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1384\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-30-35.jpg 663w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-30-35-300x148.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Brass shoe button, Prosser buttons, shell buttons and a Jet shank button.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-1-88-90.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1379\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-1-88-90.jpg 417w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-1-88-90-300x249.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Straight pins used in <\/span><\/strong><font color=\"#ffffff\"><b>tailor<\/b><\/font><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">ing.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-36ec0c8\" data-block-id=\"36ec0c8\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-36ec0c8{flex:1 1 calc(74.7% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 1 \/ 2 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-36ec0c8-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-36ec0c8-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-vivid-green-cyan-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><strong>This page presents some of the adobe highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Types of money used through time<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Spanning 225 years, the adobe&#8217;s residents had to adapt to changes in cultures and the money system.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Clamshell beads were the form of currency used by the Chumash tribes for ~5,000 years before the arrival of Asians or Europeans.  Both clam disk beads and olivella spire-lopped beads were discovered at the adobe.  One soapstone disk (of bead size) was also discovered and lost likely in the process of becoming a bead.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-45b3e53\" data-block-id=\"45b3e53\"><style>.stk-45b3e53{margin-bottom:0px !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-45b3e53-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-f369775\" data-block-id=\"f369775\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-f369775{flex:1 1 calc(25% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-f369775-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-f369775-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-36-37.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1325\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" width=\"185\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-36-37.jpg 323w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-36-37-300x273.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 185px) 100vw, 185px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><font color=\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\"><b><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Abalone shell bead and spire-lopped <\/span><\/b><\/font><span style=\"\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><font color=\"#ffffff\"><b>Oliv<\/b><\/font><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">ella shell bead<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>(prehistoric currency)<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-4b56330\" data-block-id=\"4b56330\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-4b56330{flex:1 1 calc(28.2% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-4b56330-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-4b56330-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"511\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-69-70b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1303\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-69-70b.jpg 511w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-69-70b-300x152.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Chinese coins minted between 1644 and 1722<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-089ce8d\" data-block-id=\"089ce8d\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-089ce8d{flex:1 1 calc(21.8% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-089ce8d-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-089ce8d-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"194\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-56-58-edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1329\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-56-58-edited.jpg 194w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-56-58-edited-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Gold flake representing Early California currency 1850+<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-cb682eb\" data-block-id=\"cb682eb\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-cb682eb{flex:1 1 calc(25% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-cb682eb-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-cb682eb-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-38b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1327\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-38b.jpg 229w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-38b-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">1883 Liberty Head <font color=\"#ffffff\"><b>nic<\/b><\/font>kel (modern government made currency<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">A section of the original Mission <\/span><\/strong><br><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">water transport system<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Discovered SE of the adobe, a short section of the Mission aqueduct was discovered.  First observed as a broken layer of Mission roof tiles (Teja) and a few broken slabs of siltstone.  Once exposed, it was discovered that the roof tiles had collapsed in on a small ditch about 7&#8243; deep, 10&#8243; wide, with a hard-packed clay base.  Historic research had discovered that a water transport system moved water from an uphill spring to the Mission reservoir (see map)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>The ditch had been covered with a double layer of Mission roof tiles and, when needed, siltstone slabs had been placed across it to facilitate foot and wagon traffic without disturbing the ditch.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-1011f91\" data-block-id=\"1011f91\"><style>.stk-1011f91{margin-bottom:0px !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-1011f91-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-c5b6380\" data-block-id=\"c5b6380\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-c5b6380-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-c5b6380-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-5-61-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1335\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-5-61-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-5-61-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-5-61-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-5-61-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3-5-61-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Reconstructed broken roof tiles that covered the aqueduct<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-49a83b5\" data-block-id=\"49a83b5\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-49a83b5-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-49a83b5-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3close2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1336\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3close2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3close2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3close2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3close2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Exposed aqueduct trench showing collapsed roof tiles<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1431\" height=\"805\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3Unit6form2-edited-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1341\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3Unit6form2-edited-2.jpg 1431w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3Unit6form2-edited-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3Unit6form2-edited-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fea3Unit6form2-edited-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1431px) 100vw, 1431px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Field drawing showing how water trench would have been protected by roof tiles<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Adobe&#8217;s cobblestone porch was full of secrets<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Feature 1 was a cobble pavement measuring 58 feet long, 7 feet wide, and centered on the south wall of the adobe. The cobbles were laid down on end with some extending 8+ inches into the ground. The surface of the cobbles appeared to be covered with the same whitewash as the plaster walls of the adobe. The cobbles were also covered with a fine sandy gravel. Prior to exposure, this feature was covered with at least 2 inches of soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>A 4\u00bd-foot wide break in the cobble pavement, directly in front of the adobe door, was paved with Anglo bricks laid on edge between wooden guides. South of, and immediately adjacent to the cobble walkway were occasional large boulders, pieces of ladrillo (Mission floor tiles), and a host of other cultural items that presumably had fallen off the cobble porch during the period of its use.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"471\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Porchdrawing.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1350\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Porchdrawing.jpg 471w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Porchdrawing-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Feature 1 plan map showing showing data recovery areas.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Though most of the cobble porch remained intact, proposed foundation footing trenches required that 5 data recovery units be excavated within the area.  In addition, all surface soils removed from the cobble surface were screened and materials collected.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/frontafterclearing-edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1353\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" width=\"471\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/frontafterclearing-edited.jpg 1121w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/frontafterclearing-edited-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/frontafterclearing-edited-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/frontafterclearing-edited-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Cobble porch fully exposed<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Materials found on the cobble porch indicated that it was constructed at the same time as the adobe and that household materials had been dropped on and between the cobbles up till ~1903 when the porch was covered by a wooden floor as the adobe was converted into a Victorian-style home.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>These materials included Native American items, Mission-era materials, Chinese materials, and EuroAmerican items.  Money, ceramics, clothing materials, recreational items, hunting, teaching, and food remains were all represented.  A surprising number of buttons and clothing fasteners were discovered (many more than would be expected from normal household discards).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Historical documents indicate that in 1846, the mission and it&#8217;s buildings and grounds were sold to Petronillo Rios. California gained independence from Mexico in 1846 and became part of the United States (1850).  A petition was filed for the property in 1859 by Mr. Osgood.  In 1861, a second petition was filed for the property by Fernando Martinez.  Martinez, his wife, and 4 children lived at the adobe till 1864, when he sold it to Valentine Mancilla.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>In 1876, Mancilla sold the property to Don Dolores Herrera who owned it till ~1903.  City documents indicate that Herrera&#8217;s brother (Basilio) lived at the adobe with his wife and six children for 27 years.  The 1900 census lists the children as Bramlio (30) a saloon keeper, <span style=\"color: #fa7575;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Maggie (28) a seamstress<\/span>, Refugio (25) a house keeper, Victoria (19) an artist, Lorina (17) and Guadalupe (12) in school.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: #f34957\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Buttons<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\"><strong>The surprising number and range in types of buttons and clothing fasteners recovered from Feature 1 was likely due to the fact that Maggie Herrera (a seamstress) was one of the 6 children who lived at the adobe up until 1903.  In 1900, Maggie was 28 years old.   The selection of buttons, suggests that Maggie worked from the adobe and took care of a wide range of clients from various professions from the military to general laborers. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Most of the buttons were from regular work clothes. These included Prosser buttons (1850 to present) (sometimes called &#8220;Chinas&#8221;) that were both plain and decorated (2B-52, 53, 146, 2C-50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 99, 100, 143).  Also<br>shown are shell buttons (2A-15 and 16, 2C-55, 56, 144). Steel and steel cloth-covered buttons were recovered (2B-54 and 145, 2C-45 and 46).  One vulcanized rubber button (1849 to present)(2B-55), one bakelite button (1910-1930) (2C-98), and a leather button (2C-142) were found.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Also recovered were buttons from fancy clothing.  Two brass buttons were recovered; one with a geometric surface pattern and loop shank (2C-141) and one 1850&#8217;s Scovill&#8217;s &amp; Co. Federal Navy Button with an eagle on an anchor (2C-47). Another loop shank, Navy button made of painted celluloid with a fouled anchor design was recovered (1869-1920) (2C-48). A jet, self shank, oval button with surface grooves was found (2C-49) (Sprague 1985).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Other fasteners were also recovered including straight pins, safety pins, and clothes hooks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-dc351ef\" data-block-id=\"dc351ef\"><style>.stk-dc351ef{margin-bottom:3px !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-dc351ef-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-651ba24\" data-block-id=\"651ba24\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-651ba24{flex:1 1 calc(13.4% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-651ba24-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-651ba24-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"317\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2a-15-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2a-15-16.jpg 317w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2a-15-16-267x300.jpg 267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 317px) 100vw, 317px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Shell buttons<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-7fc5477\" data-block-id=\"7fc5477\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-7fc5477{flex:1 1 calc(25.5% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-7fc5477-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-7fc5477-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-52-55.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1371\" width=\"183\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-52-55.jpg 527w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2b-52-55-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Prosser buttons (1850 to present)(sometimes called &#8220;Chinas&#8221;) both plain and decorated.  Also<br>shown steel and  steel cloth-covered buttons<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-88aa7e8\" data-block-id=\"88aa7e8\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-88aa7e8{flex:1 1 calc(27.7% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-88aa7e8-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-88aa7e8-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"330\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-98-100-141-144.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-98-100-141-144.jpg 767w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-98-100-141-144-300x129.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Fancy clothing  buttons: One bakelite button (1910-1930), a leather button, and two brass buttons; one with a geometric surface pattern and loop shank.<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-069db73\" data-block-id=\"069db73\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-069db73{flex:1 1 calc(33.4% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 3 \/ 4 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-069db73-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-069db73-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-47-49a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-47-49a.jpg 663w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2c-47-49a-300x135.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>1850&#8217;s Scovill&#8217;s &amp; Co. Federal Navy Button with an eagle on an anchor (2C-47).   Loop shank, Navy button made of painted celluloid with a fouled anchor design was recovered (1869-1920) (2C-48). A jet, self shank, oval button with surface grooves was found.<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Feature 1 Time Markers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>An examination of the Feature 1 time markers suggest a beginning time of use no earlier than 1785-1790, and a cutoff in use around 1903. Between these dates, there appear to be three periods of use represented by different artifact categories. The first period (1788-1834) spans the Mission Era and is represented by mission ceramics, Chinese coins, wrought and cut square nails, Lusterware, and Vaseline beads.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>The second period (1834-1870) spans the Mexican Rancho and Early California Statehood Eras. During this period, the manufacture of two types of mission ceramics ends, however, percussion cap firearms are developed as are 4 types of buttons (including the Scovill Federal Navy button). Trade in light blue seed beads also begins.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>The third period (1870-1903) spans the early San Luis Obispo City Era and has the greatest number of time markers with the addition of shotgun, 38cal and 22cal firearms, Celluloid buttons, wire nails, clay and glass marbles, porcelain dolls, purple glass, and whisky flasks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>The cutoff date of 1903 was based on the lack of time marker items that should have been recovered, but didn&#8217;t exist in the Feature 1 area. Examples include selenium glass (1914-1932), machine made bottles (1914+), machine made marbles (1905+), plastic buttons (1930+), a change to exclusively wire nails (shortly after 1900), and others.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Porchtimemarkers.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color wp-image-1366\" style=\"border-width:3px;border-radius:10px\" width=\"712\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Porchtimemarkers.jpg 528w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Porchtimemarkers-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-da5d984da8e9a225d7d56ab21ec9c6dd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/9717797\/If_Walls_Could_Talk_One_Adobe_Experiences_225_Years_of_California_Immigration\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/9717797\/If_Walls_Could_Talk_One_Adobe_Experiences_225_Years_of_California_Immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here to see the entire report<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freitas Adobe Highlights Native American Use This page presents some of the adobe highlights Types of money used through time Spanning 225 years, the adobe&#8217;s residents had to adapt to changes in cultures and the money system. Clamshell beads were the form of currency used by the Chumash tribes for ~5,000 years before the arrival [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1322","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1322"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1387,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1322\/revisions\/1387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}