{"id":1145,"date":"2023-03-07T01:57:30","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T01:57:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=1145"},"modified":"2023-03-08T02:38:29","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08T02:38:29","slug":"elem-feature-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/?page_id=1145","title":{"rendered":"Elem Feature 5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-d5db3a3\" data-block-id=\"d5db3a3\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-d5db3a3-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-51b6e4d\" data-block-id=\"51b6e4d\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-51b6e4d-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-51b6e4d-inner-blocks\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-b075ebd\" data-block-id=\"b075ebd\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-b075ebd-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-347c83a\" data-block-id=\"347c83a\"><style>.stk-347c83a-container{background-image:url(https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/histor1-1.gif) !important;background-attachment:fixed !important;background-position:top center !important;background-repeat:no-repeat !important;background-size:cover !important}.stk-347c83a-container:before{background-color:#000000 !important;opacity:0.6 !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-347c83a-container stk-hover-parent stk--has-background-overlay\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-347c83a-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-x-large-font-size\"><strong>Elem Historic Feature 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-fe1bbe6\" data-block-id=\"fe1bbe6\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-fe1bbe6-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-09cb4b7\" data-block-id=\"09cb4b7\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-09cb4b7{flex:1 1 calc(29.5% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 1 \/ 2 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-09cb4b7-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-09cb4b7-inner-blocks\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"181\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor41.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor41.jpg 320w, https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor41-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Chinese ceramics<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor42.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1237\" width=\"134\" height=\"209\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Prosser button<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"231\" height=\"149\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor43.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1238\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Borax Lake obsidian knife<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-36ec0c8\" data-block-id=\"36ec0c8\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:690px){.stk-36ec0c8{flex:1 1 calc(70.5% - var(--stk-column-gap,0px) * 1 \/ 2 ) !important}}<\/style><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-36ec0c8-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-36ec0c8-inner-blocks\">\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong>Mine waste excavation beneath the western road encountered historical artifacts in front of Lot 13. &nbsp;The feature was well defined and contained glass, ceramics, metal objects, regular brick and firebrick. &nbsp;The feature covered an area 16 meters NS by 20 meters EW. &nbsp;The feature area was flagged and its boundary spray-painted to keep construction workers and equipment out.<br><br>The mine waste had been removed and it was anticipated that the feature would be protected and preserved beneath the clean fill and road construction. &nbsp;With the understanding that the feature would be protected, no soil samples were recovered or processed from the feature. &nbsp;A few artifacts exposed on the &nbsp;surface of the feature were collected and processed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Metal Artifacts<\/span><br><br>Most metal artifacts recovered represented outdoor farming and hardware activities. &nbsp;Wire nails (5), square nails (1), a fence staple, washer, and angle bracket were recovered indicating general construction. &nbsp;Two horseshoes (H5-45), a strap buckle (H5-50) and the blade from a horse drawn tilling rake (H5-47) suggest agricultural activities. &nbsp;An ax head (H5-44) suggests the preparation of heating and stove wood. &nbsp;A toy truck (H5-28) and wheat penny (H5-23) indicate personal and recreational items.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-e2225b5\" data-block-id=\"e2225b5\"><style>.stk-e2225b5{margin-bottom:0px !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-e2225b5-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-0144bb6\" data-block-id=\"0144bb6\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-0144bb6-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-0144bb6-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor35.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1229\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Ax head<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-f60b2fb\" data-block-id=\"f60b2fb\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-f60b2fb-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-f60b2fb-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"114\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor37.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1230\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Toy truck<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-c610815\" data-block-id=\"c610815\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-c610815-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-c610815-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor36.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1231\" width=\"132\" height=\"190\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Wheat penny<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Asian Ceramics (3)<\/span><br><br>Asian ceramics included two porcelain pieces (a blue on white and a polychrome) that appeared to be rice bowl fragments (H5-3, H5-31). &nbsp;One brown glazed stoneware piece was recovered (H5-4) that is a fragment of either a food jar or spouted jar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Button (1)<\/span><br><br>A single Prosser button was recovered. &nbsp;This was a 4-hole, sew-through type, 22-lines in size.<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Chipped Stone (1)<\/span><br><br>A single Borax Lake obsidian knife (H5-2) was recovered from the H5 area.<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">DietaryBone and Shell<\/span><br><br>Three pieces of mammal bone, one piece of Washington clam (H5-52, saxidomus), and several pieces of freshwater mussel (H5-51) were also recovered.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Glass Artifacts (21)<\/span><br><br>Glass bottles included fragments of a canning jar, cold cream jar, medicine (H5-9), soda (Pepsi), a large hand-blown carboy (H5-20) and several unidentified clear, brown, lime green, aqua green, and one of purple glass.<br><br>Both machine made and hand blown bottles were recovered indicating use as early as 1914 and as late as 1960. &nbsp;Glass containers indicated household activities including canning, general food and beverage consumption, medicine, and hygiene. &nbsp;The carboy suggests water transport. &nbsp;These types of jugs and bottles are expected due to the fact that the reservation had no running water until the 1970\u2019s.<br><br><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">EuroAmerican Ceramics (14)<\/span><br><br>Tableware included stoneware and creamware main course plates (2), saucers (2), and at least 8 unidentifiable pieces. &nbsp;One porcelain toy sugar bowl lid was recovered (H5-33) indicating children\u2019s recreational activities. Ceramics included a fire brick embossed with \u201cHEATHERY KNOWE\/PATENT\/ GLASGOW\u201d. &nbsp;This brick&nbsp;was manufactured near the village of Heathery Knowe, Scotland. &nbsp;Rawyards Brickworks, Glenboig Brickworks, and Drombathie Brickworks are listed in the area, however, we were unable to determine which company made the brick or when it was manufactured.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-5fda36c\" data-block-id=\"5fda36c\"><style>.stk-5fda36c{margin-bottom:0px !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-5fda36c-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-c76889c\" data-block-id=\"c76889c\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-c76889c-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-c76889c-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor39.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-1232\" style=\"border-width:3px\" width=\"150\" height=\"167\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Sugar bowl lid from toy dish set<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-ffd4dad\" data-block-id=\"ffd4dad\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-ffd4dad-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-ffd4dad-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"229\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor38.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1233\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Feature 5 EuroAmerican ceramics<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-block-column--v3 stk-column stk-block-column--v2 stk-block stk-de5204f\" data-block-id=\"de5204f\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-de5204f-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-de5204f-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"247\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/histor40.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-1234\" style=\"border-width:1px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span style=\"color: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Heathery Knowe fire brick<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: #222222;background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #55a630)\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Interpretation<\/span><br><br>Feature 5 materials contained similar household discards that were found in the in the previous features, but relatively more items that were related to farming and livestock. &nbsp;The square nails and purple glass combined with the Pepsi bottle indicate use as early as 1900 and as late as 1960.<br><br>Toys recovered suggest that both girls and boys were present in the household and the existence of Asian ceramics suggest that some members of the household were of Asian descent.<br><br>The freshwater mussel shell indicates the gathering and use of lake resources. &nbsp;The Washington clam shell suggests the manufacture of clamshell disk beads.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elem Historic Feature 5 Mine waste excavation beneath the western road encountered historical artifacts in front of Lot 13. &nbsp;The feature was well defined and contained glass, ceramics, metal objects, regular brick and firebrick. &nbsp;The feature covered an area 16 meters NS by 20 meters EW. &nbsp;The feature area was flagged and its boundary spray-painted [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1145","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1145"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1241,"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1145\/revisions\/1241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wolfcreekarcheology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}